NURSINGTB.COM Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

NURSINGTB.COMChapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Incomplete fusion of the nasomedial and intermaxillary process during the fourth week of embryonic development causes which condition in an infant? a. Cleft palate c. Cleft lip b. Sinus dysfunction d. Esophageal malformation ANS: C Of the available options, only a cleft lip is caused by the incomplete fusion of the nasomedial and intermaxillary process during the fourth week of embryonic development. PTS: 1 REF: Page 1486 2. Increased gastrin secretion by the mother in the last trimester of pregnancy may cause which condition in the infant? a. Pyloric stenosis c. Esophageal atresia b. Meconium ileus d. Galactosemia ANS: A The cause is unknown but increased gastrin secretion by the mother in the last trimester of pregnancy increases the likelihood of pyloric stenosis in the infant. The overproduction of gastric secretions in the infant may be caused by stress-related factors in the mother. This statement is not true of the other options. PTS: 1 REF: Pages 1488-1489 3. At 2 or 3 weeks of age, an infant who has been well fed and has gained weight begins to vomit for no apparent reason. The vomiting gradually becomes more forceful. These symptoms may be indicative of which disorder? a. Esophageal atresia c. Pyloric stenosis b. Congenital aganglionic megacolon d. Galactosemia ANS: C Of the options available, only the clinical manifestations of pyloric stenosis—an infant who has been well fed and has gained weight begins to vomit without an apparent reason—can appear between 2 and 3 weeks after birth. The vomiting gradually becomes more forceful. PTS: 1 REF: Page 1489 4. Which term is used to identify a condition in which the developing colon remains in the upper right quadrant instead of moving to its normal location? a. Intestinal malrotation c. Duodenal obstruction b. Ileocecal displacement d. Pyloric stenosis ANS: A Intestinal malrotation is the only term used to identify a condition in which rotation does not occur and the colon remains in the upper right quadrant, where an abnormal membrane may press on and obstruct the duodenum. NURSINGTB.COMPATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK22. What is the central component of the pathogenic model of multiple sclerosis? a. Myelination of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) b. Demyelination of nerve fibers in the CNS c. Development of neurofibrillary tangles in the CNS d. Inherited autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance ANS: B Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder diffusely involving the degeneration of CNS myelin and loss of axons. The other options are not central components of the pathogenic model of MS. PTS: 1 REF: Pages 618-619 23. A blunt force injury to the forehead would result in a coup injury to which region of the brain? a. Frontal c. Parietal b. Temporal d. Occipital ANS: A Coup injuries occur directly below the point of impact. Objects striking the front of the head usually produce only coup injuries (contusions and fractures) because the inner skull in the occipital area is smooth. A coup injury is not nearly as likely when other portions of the brain are affected. PTS: 1 REF: Page 583 24. A blunt force injury to the forehead would result in a contrecoup injury to which region of the brain? a. Frontal c. Parietal b. Temporal d. Occipital ANS: A NURSINGTB.COMPATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
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