Caloric Content of Food

The purpose of this lab was to measure the energy content of three different food items using the change in water temperatures from the heat of the food. Another purpose was to take the information acquired and become familiar with energy units used in food such as calories and joules. Procedure: The first step in this experiment was to weigh and record an empty 100mL beaker. Then fill the beaker approximately halfway, weigh it and record the weight. Record the weight of the water in the beaker. Place a piece of aluminum foil on a tabletop. Place a wire burner stand with the beaker full of water in the center of the aluminum foil and place a candle next to the rack. Measure the weight of one marshmallow and the weight of one fork. Record both measurements. Then place the marshmallow on the fork measure and record the weight of the marshmallow and fork together. That weight should equal the measurements of the fork and marshmallow combined in the previous measurement. Measure and record the temperature of the water in Celsius and record it.
Light a candle. Put the fork with the marshmallow over the candle flame. Remove the marshmallow from the flame right after it sets on fire and place it under the beaker of water. Hold it under the water until it is completely done burning. Make sure to stir the water frequently with the thermometer. When the marshmallow has burned down as much as possible, remove from underwater and record the temp of the water. Then record the weight of the fork with a leftover marshmallow on it. Subtract that measurement from the previous measurement of the fork with pre-burned marshmallow. Record the measurement of the marshmallow residue. Clean out the beaker of water and repeat the experiment with two other foods. Pick the appropriate tools to hold the food over an open flame. Make sure to clean out the beaker and reweigh before each experiment.
Experimental Results & Discussion of Observations Table 1Food Item
Initial Mass of food & holder
Final Mass of food and holder
Mass of food burnt
Mass of beakerMarshmallow
43g
41g
1. 0g
51. 5gPeanut
27. 5g
26. 5g
0. 0g
51. 5gPotato chip
27. 9g
26. 8g
0. 3g
51. 5gFood Item
Mass of beaker and water
Mass of water
Initial water temperature
Final water temperature
Delta T (0C change)Marshmallow
102. 3g
50. g
250C
350C
100CPeanut
95. 7g
44. 2g
190C
470C
280CPotato chip
94. 5g
43. 0g
190C
360C
170CFood ItemMarshmallow
1063J/g = 254 calories = . 254 Cal/gPeanut
5178J/g = 1238 calories = 1. 2 Cal/gPotato chip
2040J/g = 488 calories = . 49 Cal/gAdditional QuestionsRead p. 244 or section 8. 3 of your textbook, then explain the type of reaction must have taken place in your calorimeter. A combustion reaction must have happened. The food turned into a gas and reacted to oxygen.
What were the reactants of this reaction? What were the products? The reactants were then cooked foods and the products were the energy and heat.
Where did the products go? The products or food mixed into the air and created smoke and odor that was released.
Where are the potential areas for error in this experiment? This question is referring to errors inherent to the experiment, not the experimenter’s mistakes or lack of skills. Errors could be different products used, time to bring the products to a flame, and put under the beaker which would cause a different temperature change in the beaker from initial to final.
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