Discussion 1: Psychosocial Factors in Health

Discussion 1: Psychosocial Factors in HealthPaper instructions:
In this Discussion, you will consider the connection between psychosocial risk factors and health outcomes. As you review the research literature, consider how you have come across this issue in your professional practice. As a nurse leader, what opportunities do you have to apply the information presented this week to promote improvements in population health status?Review the Learning Resources, focusing on the influence of psychosocial factors on health and disease.
Locate at least two examples from the research literature of how these factors influence health. If necessary, conduct additional research using the Walden Library and credible websites.
Examine strategies currently being employed to address these factors, including health promotion and disease prevention efforts.
Ask yourself: How are these strategies designed to improve population health status?Post a cohesive scholarly response that addresses the following:Provide a brief summary of each example, including the influence of psychosocial factors on health and disease as discussed in the research literature. Cite your sources.
What strategies are currently being used to address these factors? Support your response with examples from the literature.
Knowing that there are psychosocial factors that influence acute and chronic diseases, what is the role of the nurse in probing for that information or in larger initiatives?—
Discussion 2: Appraising the LiteraturePaper instructions:
To prepare:With this week’s Learning Resources in mind, reflect on the importance of analyzing epidemiological research studies.
Critically appraise the Oppenheimer (2010) and Elliott, Smith, Penny, Smith and Chambers (1999) articles presented in the Learning Resources using Appendix A in Epidemiology for Public Health Practice as a guide.
Determine the strengths and weaknesses of the research methods and data analysis of each study.
Ask yourself, “Is any bias evident in either study? What did the researchers do to control for potential bias?”
Finally, consider the importance of data interpretation in epidemiologic literature and the issues that may arise if potential confounding factors are not considered.Post a cohesive scholarly response that addresses the following:Appraise the Oppenheimer (2010) and Elliott et al. (1999) articles, summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of each study.
Analyze potential sources of bias in each study, and suggest strategies for minimizing bias.
Suggest possible confounding variables that may have influenced the results of each study.—
Assignment 2: Defining the Problem and Research MethodsPaper instructions:
How do culture and environment influence health? What role does personality play in health outcomes? How do stressful life events influence disease? As a health care professional, you have most likely witnessed the influence of psychosocial factors on individual health. These factors also have a significant impact on population health. Chronic conditions such as high blood pressure and heart disease, as well as degenerative diseases, can be studied at the population level through the use of epidemiologic methods (Friis, 2021). The insights gained from this type of research can then positively impact health outcomes locally, nationally, and globally.Section 1: The ProblemA brief outline of the environment you selected (i.e., home, workplace, school)
A summary of your selected population health problem in terms of person, place, and time, and the magnitude of the problem based on data from appropriate data resources (Reference the data resources you used.)
Research question/hypothesisSection 2: Research MethodsThe epidemiologic study design you would use to assess and address your population health problem
Assessment strategies (i.e., if you were conducting a case-control study, how would you select your cases and controls? Regarding the methods and tools you would use to make these selections, how is it convenient for you as the researcher or as the investigator to use this tool?)
Summary of the data collection activities (i.e., how you would collect data—online survey, paper/pen, mailing, etc.)—
Discussion: Measures of EffectPaper instructions:
One important application of epidemiology is to identify factors that could increase the likelihood of a certain health problem occurring within a specific population. Epidemiologists use measures of effect to examine the association or linkage in the relationship between risk factors and emergence of disease or ill health. For instance, they may use measures of effect to better understand the relationships between poverty and lead poisoning in children, smoking and heart disease, or low birth weight and future motor skills.
What is the significance of measures of effect for nursing practice? In this Discussion, you will consider this pivotal question.
To prepare:
• With the Learning Resources in mind, consider how measures of effect strengthen and support nursing practice.
• What would be the risk of not using measures of effect in nursing practice?
• Conduct additional research in the Walden Library and other credible resources, and locate two examples in the scholarly literature that support your insights.Post a cohesive scholarly response that addresses the following:
• Analyze how measures of effect strengthen and support nursing practice. Provide at least two specific examples from the literature to substantiate your insights.
• Assess dangers of not using measures of effect in nursing practice.
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Discussion: Screening for DiseasePaper instructions:
This week’s Learning Resources include articles about screening programs for four different diseases that contain potentially controversial recommendations. For this Discussion, you will select a disease and examine the epidemiological evidence to assess a recommendation for screening guidelines. In addition, you will consider possibilities for furthering policy to promote population health related to this disease.To prepare:Review the four articles concerned with screening and public policy listed in this week’s Learning Resources. All four articles contain potentially controversial recommendations for screening and prevention.
Select one article on which to focus for this Discussion.
Analyze how the epidemiologic data could be used to formulate policy for improving population health.Post a cohesive scholarly response that addresses the following:Summarize the recommendations of your selected article. Discuss ethical considerations and whether or not you believe the recommendations are justified.
Describe the epidemiological evidence in support of your position.
Identify whether the screening program you review is population-based or high-risk based and how that influences your assessment.
How can the reported data be used to move policy forward for improving population health around this issue?—
Developing an Intervention and Determining the ImpactPaper instructions:
Sections 3 and 4 of Major Assessment 7: Using an Epidemiological Approach to Critically Analyze a Population Health ProblemTo complete:In 5–6 pages, write the following sections of your paper:Section 3: The InterventionAn outline of an intervention you would implement to address the population health problem with your selected population based on the results of the study in Section 2 (Note: If you selected a descriptive study design, you are still required to outline an intervention that might be developed based on future research.)
A review of the literature that supports this interventionSection 4: The ImpactAn explanation of the health outcome you would be seeking and the social impact of solving this issue—
Discussion: Investigating Pandemics and EpidemicsPaper instructions:
Many epidemiologists and health care professionals are concerned about the next potential pandemic or epidemic. With the increased mobility of society, the spread of infectious diseases continues to pose a serious threat. For this Discussion, you will investigate pandemics and epidemics using epidemiological tools, and you will consider strategies for mitigating disease outbreaks.To prepare:Using the Learning Resources, consider examples of emerging or reemerging infectious diseases that are occurring locally, nationally, or abroad. Then, select one example on which to focus.
Explore the epidemiological investigative process used to identify the emerging or reemerging infectious disease or outbreak.
Examine your selected infectious disease using the epidemiologic triangle and vector theory.
Consider how health care interventions may reduce the emergence or reemergence of infectious diseases.Post a cohesive response that addresses the following:Identify the emerging or reemerging infectious disease you selected.
Discuss the investigative process used to identify the outbreak, and describe its effect using descriptive epidemiology (person, place, and time).
Apply the epidemiologic triangle and vector theory to your selected outbreak.
Evaluate how prior health care interventions, or lack thereof, created the conditions that allowed this infectious disease to emerge.
Discuss how the disease outbreak might have been avoided or mitigated. Include agencies, organizations, and resources that could have supported these efforts. If appropriate, consider ongoing efforts to control the outbreak.Assignment 4: Planning for EvaluationPaper instructions:
Using an Epidemiological Approach to Critically Analyze a Population Health Problem
To complete:In 2–3 pages, write the following section of your paper:Section 5: EvaluationAn evaluation plan based upon the health outcome that you have chosen and your anticipated results
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