Evidence-based Project Planning in Primary Care

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a key principle in health care delivery and strategy implementation. EBP is the practice where healthcare providers integrate the best available research findings with their skills and knowledge, and patient values into clinical practice. It entails translating evidence and making sure that all players, including providers, patients, and their families, understand and use the research in making decisions regarding health care.In primary care, nurse practitioners are continuously involved in providing care and making health care decisions on a daily basis. Nurses are tasked with providing care that is valuable, evidenced, and reliable to each individual patient. EBP is especially important in times when nurses and other primary care providers experience work burnout. While applying evidence in research findings into practice requires literature-searching and other skills, research has shown that implementing and incorporating EBP into practice improves the quality of care and patient outcomes.Unfortunately, even with evidence supporting the positive outcomes associated with EBP, a significant percentage of NPs are not actively involved in applying EBP strategies due to lack of time, investment, skills, or inappropriate leadership strategies. But because new research and evidence are introduced on an ongoing basis, EBP must also adopt the most current evidence to remain relevant.Implementation of EBP in primary care is achieved in two main ways. Through direct translation and execution by individual providers when caring for individual patients, and through organizational changes and strategy planning designed to promote better and more effective care delivery within the primary care level. Successful planning and implementation of EBP projects in primary care ought to follow these approaches.First and foremost, planners and providers must understand the data. Even though most EBP practices are universal, data behind the EBP may be limited to specific populations, hospitals, cultures, or countries and therefore not applicable to some organizations. Secondly, every organization has different resources at its disposal. Some EBP may demand specific resources inaccessible to some organizations. Leaders should be able to adjust the EBP practices to fit the available resources.When planning and implementing a new EBP practice, leaders should ensure that it is patient-centered. This means that it should focus on improving patient care and outcomes. Lastly, leaders should understand that the preferences of health care providers affect what practices the organization should adopt. However, subjective and eccentric preferences hinder the implementation of EBP that can lower health care costs, decrease errors, and promote better health outcomes. Leaders should understand why providers have certain preferences and establish plans to introduce new practices effectively.ReferencesHamilton, A. B., Brunner, J., Cain, C., Chuang, E., Luger, T. M., Canelo, I., … & Yano, E. M. (2017). Engaging multilevel stakeholders in an implementation trial of evidence-based quality improvement in VA women’s health primary care. Translational behavioral medicine, 7(3), 478-485.Holtrop, J. S., Rabin, B. A., & Glasgow, R. E. (2018). Dissemination and implementation science in primary care research and practice: contributions and opportunities. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 31(3), 466-478.Smith, J. D., & Polaha, J. (2017). Using implementation science to guide the integration of evidence-based family interventions into primary care. Families, Systems, & Health, 35(2), 125.
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